數控車床(chuang)、車削中(zhong)心，是一種高(gao)精度、高(gao)效率的(de)(de)(de)自動(dong)化機(ji)床(chuang)。配(pei)備多工(gong)位刀塔或動(dong)力刀塔，機(ji)床(chuang)就(jiu)具(ju)有(you)廣泛的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)工(gong)藝(yi)性能，可加(jia)工(gong)直(zhi)線(xian)圓柱、斜線(xian)圓柱、圓弧和各(ge)種螺紋、槽、蝸桿等復(fu)雜工(gong)件，具(ju)有(you)直(zhi)線(xian)插(cha)補(bu)、圓弧插(cha)補(bu)各(ge)種補(bu)償(chang)功能，并在復(fu)雜零(ling)件的(de)(de)(de)批量生產中(zhong)發(fa)揮(hui) 了良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)經濟(ji)效果(guo)。

"CNC"是(shi)(shi)英(ying)文Computerized Numerical Control(計算機(ji)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)化(hua)控(kong)(kong)制)的縮寫。數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)床是(shi)(shi)按(an)照事先編制好的加(jia)(jia)工(gong)程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)，自動(dong)地對被加(jia)(jia)工(gong)零件(jian)進(jin)行加(jia)(jia)工(gong)。我們(men)把(ba)(ba)零件(jian)的加(jia)(jia)工(gong)工(gong)藝路線、工(gong)藝參數(shu)(shu)、刀(dao)具的運動(dong)軌跡、位移量(liang)、切(qie)削參數(shu)(shu)(主(zhu)(zhu)軸轉數(shu)(shu)、進(jin)給量(liang)、背吃刀(dao)量(liang)等)以及輔助功能(換刀(dao)、主(zhu)(zhu)軸正轉、反(fan)轉、切(qie)削液開、關等)，按(an)照數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)床規定的指(zhi)令代碼及程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)格式編寫成加(jia)(jia)工(gong)程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)單，再(zai)把(ba)(ba)這程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)單中的內容記錄(lu)在控(kong)(kong)制介質上(如穿孔紙帶、磁帶、磁盤、磁泡存儲(chu)器(qi))，然后輸入到數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)床的數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)裝置(zhi)中，從而指(zhi)揮機(ji)床加(jia)(jia)工(gong)零件(jian)。

這種從(cong)零件(jian)(jian)(jian)圖的分析到(dao)制成控(kong)制介質(zhi)的全部過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)叫數(shu)(shu)控(kong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)的編制。數(shu)(shu)控(kong)機(ji)床與普(pu)通機(ji)床加工(gong)零件(jian)(jian)(jian)的區別在于數(shu)(shu)控(kong)機(ji)床是按照程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)自動(dong)加工(gong)零件(jian)(jian)(jian)，而普(pu)通機(ji)床要(yao)由人來操作，我們只要(yao)改變控(kong)制機(ji)床動(dong)作的程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)就(jiu)可以達到(dao)加工(gong)不同零件(jian)(jian)(jian)的目的。因此，數(shu)(shu)控(kong)機(ji)床特別適用于加工(gong)小(xiao)批量(liang)且形狀(zhuang)復雜要(yao)求精度高的零件(jian)(jian)(jian)。

由于數(shu)控(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)要按(an)照程(cheng)序(xu)來加工零件，編程(cheng)人員編制好程(cheng)序(xu)以(yi)后，輸入(ru)到(dao)數(shu)控(kong)裝置(zhi)中來指揮(hui)機(ji)床(chuang)工作。程(cheng)序(xu)的輸入(ru)是通過控(kong)制介質來的。